A survey for viruses causing clcud was conducted during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons in the northwestern indian cotton growing belt in the states of punjab, haryana and rajasthan. Subsequent pcrbased studies by various groups established the diversity of clcuv in pakistan, showing that there were more than four distinct, yet closely related, begomovirus species associated with clcud nadeem et al. Field evaluations of tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistant. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. Plant pathology and nematology national cotton council of. Recombination detection programs and phylogenetic analyses. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its.
The present study describes the association of a distinct begomovirus species and a. More than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. Evaluation of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in bc1, bc2, and. Breeding resistant varieties is one of the best ways to combat clcud. Cotton leaf curl virus is a member of begomovirus and family geminiviridae.
Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae. Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major limitation to cotton production on the indian subcontinent. Cotton leaf curl virus how is cotton leaf curl virus. Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its management. Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Tobacco leaf curl viruses tlcv are several species of plant pathogenic viruses in the genus begomovirus. Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum, is exclusively transmitted by whitefly species bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Ed podleckis, usda aphis, plant protection and quarantine, plant health. The problem is further complicated as the clcud causing virus complex. Chilli leaf curl palampur virus is a distinct begomovirus. Cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubv, genus begomovirus causes devastating cotton leaf curl disease. Mar 30, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv geminiviridae. Gossypium hirsutum important cash crop of pakistan.
Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. Attempts to manage clcud by the control of inoculum reservoirs and vector populations have been ineffective particularly during high inocula pressures. Losses are difficult to assess, but estimates range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season andor with highly susceptible cultivars. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf curl multan betasatellite rna silencing suppressors. Genome wide identification of cotton gossypium hirsutum. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production, particularly in widely cultivated gossypium hirsutum varieties that are susceptible to attack by this virus. Association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore virus. In the eastern hemisphere, leaf curl disease of cotton occurs in the sahel region of africa, and in india and pakistan where cotton is grown, whereas, in the americas leaf curl crumple disease occurs in cotton growing regions of the us, mexico, and central america. In india, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv has recently been shown to be associated with chilli leaf curl disease. Taxonomy navigation begomovirus all lower taxonomy nodes 7 common name isynonym. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. Cotton leaf curl multan virus satellite dna beta, complete genome. First detection of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and cognate cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite and gossypium darwinii symptomless alphasatellite in symptomatic luffa cylindrica in pakistan.
In india, chilli has been reported to be infected by several begomoviruses, namely chilli leaf curl virus chilcv, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv and tomato leaf curl joydebpur virus khan et al. Across pakistan, clcud is currently associated with a single begomovirus cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv and the cotton specific betasatellite cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumub, both of which have recombinant origins. Nov 01, 2011 more than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. Cotton leaf curl virus disease reduces the cotton yield significantly every year and is. Cotton leaf curl virus is a single stranded dna virus. Diversity, mutation and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Later on it was reported from tanzania in 19262 and from sudan in 19343. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease.
Several other begomovirus species associated with chilli leaf curl such as cotton leaf curl multan virus, chilli leaf curl multan virus and pepper yellow leaf curl. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant challeng for cotton production m. Cotton leaf curl geminiviruses cgs are singlestranded dna viruses in the. Okra leaf curl cameroon virus as of 2015 after ictv. As the name suggests, curly top virus of bean plants mimics the symptoms of moisture stress, a plant with curling leaves. Find 100% cotton software software downloads at cnet, the most comprehensive source for safe, trusted, and spywarefree downloads on the web. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a member of the genus polerovirus and family luteoviridae. Hollyhock leaf crumple virus as of 2015 after ictv. Development of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv diagnostic. Dominance of resistancebreaking cotton leaf curl burewala.
In pakistan, clcuv causes severe damage to gossypium hirsutum whereas g. In earlier studies, siddig 1969 had stated that the virus. Seed transmission has previously been reported for some rna. This is well supported by phylogentic analysis showing, close clustering of the virus isolate with clcubv. Among various known virus controlling strategies, rnaimediated one has shown potential to protect host crop plants. Several approaches have been employed to explore putative resistance genes in another cotton species, g. Inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in cotton 299 of future developments, practically involved for efficiently evolving series of virus resistant varieties cim443, cim448, cim1100 etc.
Defense strategies of cotton against whitefly transmitted. Caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a serious pathogen causing leaf curl disease and affecting the cotton production in major growing areas. Genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is economically important monopartite geminivirus which is transmitted by whitefly in persistent circulative manner. It has some alternate hosts where it survives these alternate hosts are tomato, tobacco, lehli, dhatura, okra, china rose etc. In pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus clcv was observed near multan in 19674. The begomovirus associated with clcud was named cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses circular, singlestranded dna viruses, referred to as cotton leaf curl virus clcuv complex, and one of several associated dna satellites that contribute to helper virus virulence. Clcuv transmission occurs in sriganganagar rajasthan, an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud is an important constraint to cotton production. It has since been identified in the kona area of hawaii. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf.
Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl. Nov 20, 2019 ziaurrehman m, herrmann h w, hameed u, haider m s, brown j k, 20. In addition to curling leaves, beans with curly top disease have foliage that becomes thickened and stiff with leaves that twist and curl upward. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including pakistan. However, the exact mechanisms conferring disease resistance in cotton are still unknown. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan. Transcript mapping of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and its. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite with leaf curl disease of hibiscus rosasinensis in india.
Usda research yields cotton resistant to top 20 ag threat. The sequence comparisons revealed that, this virus isolate share highest nucleotide identity with isolates of cotton leaf curl bangalore virus clcubv ay705380 92. C1 gene in antisense orientation gene driven by cauliflower mosaic virus35s promoter and nos nopaline synthase terminator and mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. Influence of plant age, whitefly population and cultivar on infection of cotton plants by.
Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaf like enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Partial sequences of 258 and fulllength sequences of 22 virus genomes were determined. Introduction cotton leaf curl, a viral disease of cotton, was reported for the first time in 1912 from nigeria1. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. Micro mi rnas, are the endogenous small rnas and play a key role in plant development and stress resistance. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. Cotton leaf curl virus has been responsible for yield loss in all affected cotton growing areas in africa since its discovery. Analysis of the fulllength sequences of six begomovirus clones showed one to be an isolate of cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukv, a virus previously shown to be associated with clcud in the.
Pdf reducing disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Four dnaa variants among pakistani isolates of cotton leaf curl virus and their affinities to dnaa of geminivirus isolates from okra. Pim7685 is a new clcuvresistant line developed through the use of induced mutation. Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic. The phloem limited positive sense rna virus infects potatoes and other members of the family solanaceae. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes and. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings.